A Comparison of Plasma Lipid Levels and Fasting Blood Sugar in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis and in Healthy Individuals

Introdouction: Recent studies have reported the connection between increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes with the presence of chronic periodontitis. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between chronic periodontitis and triglyceride, high- and low-density lipoprotein (HDL and LDL), and glucose levels. Materials and methods: A total of 102 individuals participated in this comparative case-control study and were divided into a test group (51 people with chronic periodontitis with at least two periodontal pockets of >5 mm depth) and a control group (individuals with healthy periodontium or gingivitis). Plasma lipid levels and blood glucose were measured, and the data were statistically analyzed using chi-square and t-tests at p < 0.05 with SPSS version 21. Results: A significant increase in serum triglyceride, cholesterol, and glucose (p < 0.0001) was observed in the test group (group I), whereas serum HDL and LDL showed no significant increase in the test group (group I) compared to the control group (group II) (p = 0.244 and p = 0.127, respectively). Conclusion: This study suggested a connection between hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia with chronic periodontitis, however, the etiology could not be precisely determined.